The Tour de France is a multi-stage endurance cycling race. Usually it contains 21 stages, which is ridden over 23 days. The race course varies each year but the total distance covered is usually between 3500-4500, this equates to an average of about 190 km of cycling per day. The Tour ends each year on the Champs-Élysées, Paris.
There are three main different types of stages: Flat, Mountain, Time Trial.
Flat stages are long, up to 250km. This type of stage is usually won by the sprinters, the bigger, stronger riders who produce more watts (power) than the smaller riders. This power output can only last for about 30 seconds before the rider tires.
Mountain Stages are the domain of the the lighter riders. Sprinters and bigger riders struggle to haul their bodies over these mountains, while the smaller riders will fly up the mountains. Big chunks of time can be gained on mountain stages. This is where you have to shine if you want to win the tour.
Time Trials are usually between 15-50km long. Riders start individually and race against the clock. Good time trialers ride with a high average heartrate (usually between 75-88% of their max.) Riders who win the time trials have a very high tolerance for pain. The Tour can be decided on these stages.
To win the Tour you need to be good overall. Your team plays an important part in your tour, as they protect their leader by blocking wind (riding at 35km/h the rider in front has to ride 30% harder). Possibly the best way to win the Tour is to just be stronger, tougher, lighter, braver and more aggrasive than the other riders, case and point:Lance Armstrong.
The Tour de France is the world's biggest spectator event with crowds of up to 3 and a half million fans pers stage(day) lining the road. Cycling is also Europe's biggest sport, with a huge fanbase in countries such as Spain, Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Austria and Russia.
A summary of current riders:
Climbers: Bhernard Kohl, Alberto Contador(no doping accusasions)
Time Trialers:Fabian Cancellara, Stefan Schumacher
Sprinters: Tom Boonen, Mark Cavendish.